Skin cancer is the most common cancer in Australia, with two-thirds of Australians expected to develop it in their lifetime. The country’s high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, combined with a largely outdoor lifestyle, significantly increase the risk. Despite widespread awareness about sun safety, many people neglect regular skin checks, putting themselves at greater risk.
In this article, we will explore what skin cancer is, why regular skin checks are essential and how you can protect yourself.
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the leading cause of these changes. Over time, unprotected skin can develop damage that increases the likelihood of cancer.
There are three main types of skin cancer, each with different characteristics:
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least aggressive type of skin cancer. It develops in the basal cells, which are found in the lower part of the epidermis. Although BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant local damage if not treated promptly.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It develops in the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. Unlike BCC, SCC has a greater potential to spread, particularly if left untreated.
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer because it can spread quickly to other parts of the body. It begins in melanocytes, the cells that give skin its pigment. Early detection of melanoma is critical to successful treatment and survival.
Why Are Regular Skin Checks Important?
Regular skin checks are essential because they can help detect skin cancer in its earliest stages, when treatment is most effective. The survival rate for melanoma, for instance, is much higher when diagnosed early. Waiting too long to address suspicious changes can lead to more invasive treatments and reduced chances of a full recovery.
Moreover, skin cancer does not always present with noticeable symptoms, especially in its early stages. A trained healthcare provider can identify subtle changes that might go unnoticed during self-examinations.
How to Perform a Self-Examination
While professional skin checks are crucial, you can take charge of your skin health by performing regular self-examinations. Doing so helps you stay alert to any new or changing lesions. Follow these steps to examine your skin effectively:
Use a Mirror: Check your entire body, including areas that are hard to see, like your back and scalp. A handheld mirror can help with these areas.
Follow the ABCDE Rule: This rule helps identify warning signs of melanoma:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other.
B – Border: Look for irregular, ragged, or blurred edges.
C – Colour: Watch for multiple colours or uneven colouring.
D – Diameter: Be cautious of lesions larger than 6 millimetres (the size of a pencil eraser).
E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, colour, or texture is a red flag.
Keep Track: Take photos of moles or spots you are monitoring. This makes it easier to spot changes over time.
If you notice anything unusual during a self-check, do not delay—schedule an appointment with your GP or dermatologist immediately.
What Happens During a Professional Skin Check?
A professional skin check involves a thorough examination by a dermatologist or trained GP. These experts use specialised tools like dermatoscopes to assess your skin more closely.
During the check, they will:
- Inspect your entire body, including areas you may not usually think to check, like your scalp, between your toes and under your nails.
- Identify suspicious lesions that may need further testing or biopsy.
- Provide advice on sun safety and how to monitor your skin effectively.
People at higher risk of skin cancer—such as those with a history of sunburn, fair skin, or a family history of melanoma—should prioritise regular professional skin checks.
Protecting Yourself: Tips for Skin Cancer Prevention
Preventing skin cancer is just as important as detecting it early. By adopting sun-safe habits, you can significantly lower your risk.
- Wear Sunscreen Every Day: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to all exposed skin, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours if you are outdoors.
- Seek Shade: Stay in shaded areas, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are strongest.
- Cover Up: Wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses to shield your skin and eyes from UV exposure.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: Tanning beds emit harmful UV radiation that can damage your skin and increase your risk of skin cancer.
- Be Sun Smart Year-Round: Remember that UV damage accumulates over time. Take precautions even during winter or when the sun feels less intense.
Transitioning from Awareness to Action
Understanding skin cancer and recognising its signs are important first steps, but taking action is what truly protects your health. Make it a habit to perform regular self-checks and book annual professional skin examinations. Remember, early detection can save your life.
Conclusion
Skin cancer is a serious yet preventable condition that affects millions of Australians. By staying vigilant with regular skin checks and practising sun safety, you can reduce your risk and improve your chances of early detection. Do not wait for symptoms to appear—be proactive about your skin health today.
Our GP’S at Berkeley Medical Centre is your partner in prevention and early detection. Together, you can safeguard your health and reduce the impact of skin cancer on your life. Early action makes all the difference.
